Mindful eating practices may increase dietary adherence by reducing craving-related eating, which poses challenges to individuals with T2DM. Effectively treating T2DM and prediabetes, which together affect more than one-third of Americans, requires long-term dietary adherence. The modern food environment is replete with food cues and opportunities to eat, which can amplify the impact of food cravings on dietary adherence. Seeing desirable food can induce food cravings hence, it is unsurprising that food cravings are the most commonly cited reason for dietary nonadherence and that reductions in food cravings are associated with long-term weight loss. ![]() In this trial, we will administer a CR diet that restricts carbohydrates to approximately 10% of caloric intake (about 50 g/day) so as to induce nutritional ketosis, a low level of ketone production that serves as a biomarker for assessing dietary adherence to carbohydrate restriction.įood cravings, defined as intense urges or desires to eat specific types of foods, as well as emotional and mindless eating, pose challenges to adherence to diet recommendations, especially for people with T2DM. ![]() Several trials, reviews, and meta-analyses suggest that lowering carbohydrate intake can improve glucose control, insulin resistance, and body weight. The American Diabetes Association currently includes carbohydrate-restricted (CR) diets as one of several appropriate diet patterns for people with T2DM. Although lifestyle modification, particularly in the spheres of nutrition and exercise, is a key component of improving glycemic control in T2DM, achieving long-term adherence to lifestyle changes remains a challenge. Lowering glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), a central measure of glycemic control in T2DM, reduces the risk of complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy. ![]() Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the costliest chronic disease in the United States, afflicting 30.3 million people in the United States (9.4% of the population) and nearly 382 million people worldwide.
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